Dinamika Sosial Ekonomi dan Budaya dalam Mempengaruhi Pendapatan Nelayan Lokal: Studi Kasus di Kabupaten Merauke
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37950/wpaj.v7i1.2332Keywords:
Dinamika Sosial, Budaya Lokal, Ekonomi Nelayan, Pendapatan, Kabupaten MeraukeAbstract
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh dinamika sosial, ekonomi, dan budaya terhadap pendapatan nelayan lokal di Kabupaten Merauke. Pendekatan kualitatif digunakan dengan studi kasus sebagai strategi utama, melibatkan observasi lapangan, wawancara mendalam dengan nelayan, tokoh adat, serta pihak pemerintah terkait. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendapatan nelayan tidak semata-mata dipengaruhi oleh aspek ekonomi seperti jumlah tangkapan atau harga jual ikan, melainkan juga ditentukan oleh struktur sosial yang timpang dan nilai-nilai budaya lokal yang kuat. Relasi patron-klien antara nelayan dan pemilik modal menyebabkan ketergantungan ekonomi yang membatasi daya tawar dan kemandirian nelayan, sementara nilai-nilai budaya seperti solidaritas dan aturan adat turut memengaruhi perilaku ekonomi komunitas nelayan. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa pembangunan sektor perikanan di wilayah pesisir seperti Merauke tidak dapat dilakukan secara parsial atau teknokratis. Diperlukan pendekatan pembangunan yang partisipatif, lintas sektor, dan kontekstual terhadap dinamika sosial-budaya lokal. Pemberdayaan masyarakat nelayan harus mencakup penguatan kelembagaan lokal, reformasi sistem distribusi hasil tangkap, serta pelibatan nilai-nilai budaya dalam strategi peningkatan kesejahteraan. Dengan demikian, kebijakan pembangunan perikanan yang berkelanjutan tidak hanya meningkatkan pendapatan nelayan secara ekonomi, tetapi juga memperkuat struktur sosial dan identitas budaya masyarakat pesisir
Kata Kunci: Dinamika Sosial; Budaya Lokal; Ekonomi Nelayan; Pendapatan; Kabupaten Merauke
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Abstract
This study aims to analyze the effect of social, economic and cultural dynamics on local fishermen's income in Merauke Regency. The qualitative approach is used with a case study as the main strategy, involving field observations, in -depth interviews with fishermen, traditional leaders, and related government. The results showed that fishermen's income was not solely influenced by economic aspects such as the number of fish catches or selling prices, but also determined by lame social structures and strong local cultural values. The patron-client relations between fishermen and capital owners cause economic dependence that limits the bargaining power and independence of fishermen, while cultural values such as solidarity and customary rules also affect the economic behavior of the fishing community. This finding confirms that the development of the fisheries sector in coastal areas such as Merauke cannot be done partially or technocratically. A participatory, cross-sectoral, and contextual development approach is needed to local socio-cultural dynamics. Empowerment of fishermen communities must include strengthening local institutions, reforms of the capture distribution system, as well as the involvement of cultural values in the strategy of improving welfare. Thus, sustainable fisheries development policies not only increase the income of fishermen economically, but also strengthen the social structure and cultural identity of the coastal community
Keywords: Social Dynamics; Local culture; Fishermen economy; Income; Merauke Regency
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