Model Teoritis Kepercayaan, Persepsi Risiko, dan Kapabilitas Digital Terhadap Adopsi Asuransi Mikro UMKM di Jawa Barat: Sebuah Kajian Literatur Sistematis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37950/wpaj.v7i2.2539Abstract
Abstrak
Artikel ini mengembangkan model teoritis yang menganalisis hubungan antara kepercayaan, persepsi risiko, dan kapabilitas digital dalam adopsi asuransi mikro oleh Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM) di Jawa Barat. Berdasarkan kajian literatur sistematis yang merujuk pada 60 artikel terindeks Scopus periode 2014–2025, serta sumber nasional dan internasional lainnya. Faktor-faktor tersebut dieksplorasi untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruhnya terhadap keputusan adopsi. Metode yang digunakan adalah Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan pendekatan PRISMA, yang mencakup penyaringan dari 2.341 artikel awal menjadi 60 artikel final. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kepercayaan terhadap penyedia asuransi dan teknologi digital menjadi pendorong utama, sementara persepsi risiko tinggi—termasuk ketidakpastian klaim dan ketidaksesuaian produk—menghambat adopsi. Kapabilitas digital UMKM, seperti akses internet dan literasi teknologi, berperan krusial dalam meningkatkan aksesibilitas produk asuransi mikro, meskipun dibatasi oleh infrastruktur di Jawa Barat. Kajian ini juga mengintegrasikan perspektif ketahanan UMKM, di mana microinsurance berkontribusi pada stabilisasi arus kas dan pemulihan pascabencana, dengan bukti bahwa microinsurance dapat mengurangi kerugian pascabencana hingga 40% di negara berkembang. Rekomendasi mencakup peningkatan literasi finansial-digital, desain produk adaptif, dan kolaborasi dengan modal sosial untuk mendukung inklusi keuangan. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi bagi kebijakan di Jawa Barat guna memperkuat ketahanan ekonomi UMKM pasca-pandemi COVID-19.
Kata Kunci: Kepercayaan, Persepsi Risiko, Kapabilitas Digital, Asuransi Mikro, UMKM, Ketahanan Bisnis
Abstract
This article develops a theoretical model that analyzes the relationship between trust, risk perception, and digital capabilities in the adoption of microinsurance by Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in West Java. Based on a systematic literature review referring to 60 Scopus-indexed articles from 2014 to 2025, as well as other national and international sources. These factors are explored to identify their influence on adoption decisions. The method used is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) with a PRISMA approach, which includes screening 2,341 initial articles down to 60 final articles. The results show that trust in insurance providers and digital technology are the main drivers, while high risk perceptions—including claim uncertainty and product mismatch—hinder adoption. The digital capabilities of MSMEs, such as internet access and technological literacy, play a crucial role in increasing the accessibility of microinsurance products, although they are limited by infrastructure in West Java. This study also integrates the perspective of SME resilience, where microinsurance contributes to cash flow stabilization and post-disaster recovery, with evidence that microinsurance can reduce post-disaster losses by up to 40% in developing countries. Recommendations include improving digital financial literacy, adaptive product design, and collaboration with social capital to support financial inclusion. This study contributes to policy-making in West Java to strengthen the economic resilience of MSMEs after the COVID-19 pandemic.
Keywords: Trust, Risk Perception, Digital Capability, Microinsurance, MSMEs, Business Resilience
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